simpleshop_theme/lib/simpleshop_theme/images/optimizer.ex

defmodule SimpleshopTheme.Images.Optimizer do
  @moduledoc """
  Generates optimized image variants. Only creates sizes ≤ source dimensions.
  """

  require Logger

  alias SimpleshopTheme.Repo
  alias SimpleshopTheme.Media.Image, as: ImageSchema

  @all_widths [400, 800, 1200]
  # JPEG is generated on-demand to save ~50% disk space
  # Only affects <5% of users (legacy browsers without AVIF/WebP support)
  @pregenerated_formats [:avif, :webp]
  @thumb_size 200
  @max_stored_width 2000
  @storage_quality 90

  def cache_dir, do: Application.app_dir(:simpleshop_theme, "priv/static/image_cache")
  def all_widths, do: @all_widths

  @doc """
  Convert uploaded image to optimized WebP for storage.
  Images larger than #{@max_stored_width}px are resized down.
  Uses lossy WebP (quality #{@storage_quality}) for efficient storage.
  Returns {:ok, webp_data, width, height} or {:error, reason}.
  """
  def to_optimized_webp(image_data) when is_binary(image_data) do
    with {:ok, image} <- Image.from_binary(image_data),
         {width, _height, _} <- Image.shape(image),
         {:ok, resized} <- maybe_resize(image, width),
         {final_width, final_height, _} <- Image.shape(resized),
         {:ok, webp_data} <-
           Image.write(resized, :memory, suffix: ".webp", quality: @storage_quality) do
      {:ok, webp_data, final_width, final_height}
    end
  rescue
    e -> {:error, Exception.message(e)}
  end

  defp maybe_resize(image, width) when width <= @max_stored_width, do: {:ok, image}
  defp maybe_resize(image, _width), do: Image.thumbnail(image, @max_stored_width)

  @doc """
  Compute applicable widths from source dimensions.
  Only returns widths that are <= source_width (no upscaling).
  """
  def applicable_widths(source_width) when is_integer(source_width) do
    @all_widths
    |> Enum.filter(&(&1 <= source_width))
    |> case do
      [] -> [source_width]
      widths -> widths
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Process image and generate all applicable variants.
  Called by Oban worker.
  """
  def process_for_image(image_id) do
    case Repo.get(ImageSchema, image_id) do
      nil ->
        {:error, :not_found}

      %{data: nil} ->
        {:error, :no_data}

      %{is_svg: true} = image ->
        Repo.update!(ImageSchema.changeset(image, %{variants_status: "complete"}))
        {:ok, :svg_skipped}

      %{data: data, source_width: width} = image ->
        File.mkdir_p!(cache_dir())

        with {:ok, vips_image} <- Image.from_binary(data) do
          widths = applicable_widths(width)

          tasks = [
            Task.async(fn -> generate_thumbnail(vips_image, image_id) end)
            | for w <- widths, fmt <- @pregenerated_formats do
                Task.async(fn -> generate_variant(vips_image, image_id, w, fmt) end)
              end
          ]

          Task.await_many(tasks, :timer.seconds(120))

          Repo.update!(ImageSchema.changeset(image, %{variants_status: "complete"}))
          {:ok, widths}
        end
    end
  end

  defp generate_thumbnail(image, id) do
    path = Path.join(cache_dir(), "#{id}-thumb.jpg")

    return_if_exists(path, fn ->
      with {:ok, thumb} <- Image.thumbnail(image, @thumb_size),
           {:ok, _} <- Image.write(thumb, path, quality: 80) do
        :ok
      end
    end)
  end

  defp generate_variant(image, id, width, format) do
    path = Path.join(cache_dir(), "#{id}-#{width}.#{format_ext(format)}")

    return_if_exists(path, fn ->
      with {:ok, resized} <- Image.thumbnail(image, width),
           {:ok, _} <- write_format(resized, path, format) do
        :ok
      end
    end)
  end

  defp return_if_exists(path, generate_fn) do
    if File.exists?(path), do: {:ok, :cached}, else: generate_fn.()
  end

  defp format_ext(:jpg), do: "jpg"
  defp format_ext(:webp), do: "webp"
  defp format_ext(:avif), do: "avif"

  defp write_format(image, path, :avif) do
    Image.write(image, path, effort: 5, minimize_file_size: true)
  end

  defp write_format(image, path, :webp) do
    Image.write(image, path, effort: 6, minimize_file_size: true)
  end

  defp write_format(image, path, :jpg) do
    Image.write(image, path, quality: 80, minimize_file_size: true)
  end

  @doc """
  Check if disk variants exist for an image.
  Only checks pre-generated formats (AVIF, WebP). JPEG is generated on-demand.
  """
  def disk_variants_exist?(image_id, source_width) do
    widths = applicable_widths(source_width)
    thumb = File.exists?(Path.join(cache_dir(), "#{image_id}-thumb.jpg"))

    variants =
      Enum.all?(widths, fn w ->
        Enum.all?(@pregenerated_formats, fn fmt ->
          File.exists?(Path.join(cache_dir(), "#{image_id}-#{w}.#{format_ext(fmt)}"))
        end)
      end)

    thumb and variants
  end

  @doc """
  Generate a variant on-demand. Returns path to generated file.
  Supports all formats: :avif, :webp, :jpg
  Used as fallback if cache files are deleted, and for JPEG legacy browser support.
  """
  def generate_variant_on_demand(image_data, image_id, width, format)
      when is_binary(image_data) and format in [:avif, :webp, :jpg] do
    path = Path.join(cache_dir(), "#{image_id}-#{width}.#{format_ext(format)}")

    if File.exists?(path) do
      {:ok, path}
    else
      File.mkdir_p!(cache_dir())

      with {:ok, vips_image} <- Image.from_binary(image_data),
           {:ok, resized} <- Image.thumbnail(vips_image, width),
           {:ok, _} <- write_format(resized, path, format) do
        {:ok, path}
      end
    end
  end

  # Backward compatibility alias
  def generate_jpeg_on_demand(image_data, image_id, width) do
    generate_variant_on_demand(image_data, image_id, width, :jpg)
  end

  @doc """
  Process an image file and generate all variants to the specified directory.
  Used for both database images (to cache_dir) and mockups (to mockup_dir).
  Returns {:ok, source_width} or {:error, reason}.
  """
  def process_file(image_data, output_basename, output_dir) when is_binary(image_data) do
    File.mkdir_p!(output_dir)

    with {:ok, webp_data, source_width, _height} <- to_optimized_webp(image_data),
         {:ok, vips_image} <- Image.from_binary(webp_data) do
      widths = applicable_widths(source_width)

      tasks = [
        Task.async(fn ->
          generate_variant_to_dir(
            vips_image,
            output_basename,
            output_dir,
            "thumb",
            :jpg,
            @thumb_size
          )
        end)
        | for w <- widths, fmt <- @pregenerated_formats do
            Task.async(fn ->
              generate_variant_to_dir(vips_image, output_basename, output_dir, w, fmt, w)
            end)
          end
      ]

      Task.await_many(tasks, :timer.seconds(120))
      {:ok, source_width}
    end
  rescue
    e -> {:error, Exception.message(e)}
  end

  defp generate_variant_to_dir(image, basename, dir, size_label, format, resize_width) do
    filename = "#{basename}-#{size_label}.#{format_ext(format)}"
    path = Path.join(dir, filename)

    with {:ok, resized} <- Image.thumbnail(image, resize_width),
         {:ok, _} <- write_format(resized, path, format) do
      :ok
    end
  end
end