berrypod/lib/berrypod/accounts.ex

defmodule Berrypod.Accounts do
  @moduledoc """
  The Accounts context.
  """

  import Ecto.Query, warn: false
  alias Berrypod.Repo
  alias Berrypod.Vault

  alias Berrypod.Accounts.{User, UserToken, UserNotifier}

  @totp_issuer "Berrypod"
  @backup_code_count 8

  ## Database getters

  @doc """
  Gets a user by email.

  ## Examples

      iex> get_user_by_email("foo@example.com")
      %User{}

      iex> get_user_by_email("unknown@example.com")
      nil

  """
  def get_user_by_email(email) when is_binary(email) do
    Repo.get_by(User, email: email)
  end

  @doc """
  Gets a user by email and password.

  ## Examples

      iex> get_user_by_email_and_password("foo@example.com", "correct_password")
      %User{}

      iex> get_user_by_email_and_password("foo@example.com", "invalid_password")
      nil

  """
  def get_user_by_email_and_password(email, password)
      when is_binary(email) and is_binary(password) do
    user = Repo.get_by(User, email: email)
    if User.valid_password?(user, password), do: user
  end

  @doc """
  Gets a single user.

  Raises `Ecto.NoResultsError` if the User does not exist.

  ## Examples

      iex> get_user!(123)
      %User{}

      iex> get_user!(456)
      ** (Ecto.NoResultsError)

  """
  def get_user!(id), do: Repo.get!(User, id)

  @doc """
  Returns whether an admin user exists.

  Berrypod is single-tenant — any user in the database is the admin.
  """
  def has_admin? do
    Repo.exists?(User)
  end

  @doc """
  Returns the first (and typically only) admin user, or nil.
  """
  def get_first_admin do
    Repo.one(from u in User, limit: 1)
  end

  ## User registration

  @doc """
  Registers a user.

  ## Examples

      iex> register_user(%{field: value})
      {:ok, %User{}}

      iex> register_user(%{field: bad_value})
      {:error, %Ecto.Changeset{}}

  """
  def register_user(attrs) do
    %User{}
    |> User.email_changeset(attrs)
    |> Repo.insert()
  end

  @doc """
  Registers and immediately confirms the admin user during setup.

  Checks `has_admin?/0` inside a transaction to prevent race conditions.
  Returns `{:error, :admin_already_exists}` if an admin already exists.
  """
  def register_and_confirm_admin(attrs) do
    Repo.transact(fn ->
      if has_admin?() do
        {:error, :admin_already_exists}
      else
        %User{}
        |> User.email_changeset(attrs)
        |> User.password_changeset(attrs)
        |> Ecto.Changeset.put_change(:confirmed_at, DateTime.utc_now(:second))
        |> Repo.insert()
      end
    end)
  end

  @doc """
  Generates a login token for a user without sending an email.

  Used by the setup flow to create a token for the auto-login redirect.
  Returns the URL-safe encoded token.
  """
  def generate_login_token(%User{} = user) do
    {encoded_token, user_token} = UserToken.build_email_token(user, "login")
    Repo.insert!(user_token)
    encoded_token
  end

  ## Settings

  @doc """
  Checks whether the user is in sudo mode.

  The user is in sudo mode when the last authentication was done no further
  than 20 minutes ago. The limit can be given as second argument in minutes.
  """
  def sudo_mode?(user, minutes \\ -20)

  def sudo_mode?(%User{authenticated_at: ts}, minutes) when is_struct(ts, DateTime) do
    DateTime.after?(ts, DateTime.utc_now() |> DateTime.add(minutes, :minute))
  end

  def sudo_mode?(_user, _minutes), do: false

  @doc """
  Returns an `%Ecto.Changeset{}` for changing the user email.

  See `Berrypod.Accounts.User.email_changeset/3` for a list of supported options.

  ## Examples

      iex> change_user_email(user)
      %Ecto.Changeset{data: %User{}}

  """
  def change_user_email(user, attrs \\ %{}, opts \\ []) do
    User.email_changeset(user, attrs, opts)
  end

  @doc """
  Updates the user email using the given token.

  If the token matches, the user email is updated and the token is deleted.
  """
  def update_user_email(user, token) do
    context = "change:#{user.email}"

    Repo.transact(fn ->
      with {:ok, query} <- UserToken.verify_change_email_token_query(token, context),
           %UserToken{sent_to: email} <- Repo.one(query),
           {:ok, user} <- Repo.update(User.email_changeset(user, %{email: email})),
           {_count, _result} <-
             Repo.delete_all(from(UserToken, where: [user_id: ^user.id, context: ^context])) do
        {:ok, user}
      else
        _ -> {:error, :transaction_aborted}
      end
    end)
  end

  @doc """
  Returns an `%Ecto.Changeset{}` for changing the user password.

  See `Berrypod.Accounts.User.password_changeset/3` for a list of supported options.

  ## Examples

      iex> change_user_password(user)
      %Ecto.Changeset{data: %User{}}

  """
  def change_user_password(user, attrs \\ %{}, opts \\ []) do
    User.password_changeset(user, attrs, opts)
  end

  @doc """
  Updates the user password.

  Returns a tuple with the updated user, as well as a list of expired tokens.

  ## Examples

      iex> update_user_password(user, %{password: ...})
      {:ok, {%User{}, [...]}}

      iex> update_user_password(user, %{password: "too short"})
      {:error, %Ecto.Changeset{}}

  """
  def update_user_password(user, attrs) do
    user
    |> User.password_changeset(attrs)
    |> update_user_and_delete_all_tokens()
  end

  ## Session

  @doc """
  Generates a session token.
  """
  def generate_user_session_token(user) do
    {token, user_token} = UserToken.build_session_token(user)
    Repo.insert!(user_token)
    token
  end

  @doc """
  Gets the user with the given signed token.

  If the token is valid `{user, token_inserted_at}` is returned, otherwise `nil` is returned.
  """
  def get_user_by_session_token(token) do
    {:ok, query} = UserToken.verify_session_token_query(token)
    Repo.one(query)
  end

  @doc """
  Gets the user with the given magic link token.
  """
  def get_user_by_magic_link_token(token) do
    with {:ok, query} <- UserToken.verify_magic_link_token_query(token),
         {user, _token} <- Repo.one(query) do
      user
    else
      _ -> nil
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Logs the user in by magic link.

  There are three cases to consider:

  1. The user has already confirmed their email. They are logged in
     and the magic link is expired.

  2. The user has not confirmed their email and no password is set.
     In this case, the user gets confirmed, logged in, and all tokens -
     including session ones - are expired. In theory, no other tokens
     exist but we delete all of them for best security practices.

  3. The user has not confirmed their email but a password is set.
     This cannot happen in the default implementation but may be the
     source of security pitfalls. See the "Mixing magic link and password registration" section of
     `mix help phx.gen.auth`.
  """
  def login_user_by_magic_link(token) do
    {:ok, query} = UserToken.verify_magic_link_token_query(token)

    case Repo.one(query) do
      # Prevent session fixation attacks by disallowing magic links for unconfirmed users with password
      {%User{confirmed_at: nil, hashed_password: hash}, _token} when not is_nil(hash) ->
        raise """
        magic link log in is not allowed for unconfirmed users with a password set!

        This cannot happen with the default implementation, which indicates that you
        might have adapted the code to a different use case. Please make sure to read the
        "Mixing magic link and password registration" section of `mix help phx.gen.auth`.
        """

      {%User{confirmed_at: nil} = user, _token} ->
        user
        |> User.confirm_changeset()
        |> update_user_and_delete_all_tokens()

      {user, token} ->
        Repo.delete!(token)
        {:ok, {user, []}}

      nil ->
        {:error, :not_found}
    end
  end

  @doc ~S"""
  Delivers the update email instructions to the given user.

  ## Examples

      iex> deliver_user_update_email_instructions(user, current_email, &url(~p"/users/settings/confirm-email/#{&1}"))
      {:ok, %{to: ..., body: ...}}

  """
  def deliver_user_update_email_instructions(%User{} = user, current_email, update_email_url_fun)
      when is_function(update_email_url_fun, 1) do
    {encoded_token, user_token} = UserToken.build_email_token(user, "change:#{current_email}")

    Repo.insert!(user_token)
    UserNotifier.deliver_update_email_instructions(user, update_email_url_fun.(encoded_token))
  end

  @doc """
  Delivers the magic link login instructions to the given user.
  """
  def deliver_login_instructions(%User{} = user, magic_link_url_fun)
      when is_function(magic_link_url_fun, 1) do
    {encoded_token, user_token} = UserToken.build_email_token(user, "login")
    Repo.insert!(user_token)
    UserNotifier.deliver_login_instructions(user, magic_link_url_fun.(encoded_token))
  end

  @doc """
  Deletes the signed token with the given context.
  """
  def delete_user_session_token(token) do
    Repo.delete_all(from(UserToken, where: [token: ^token, context: "session"]))
    :ok
  end

  ## Token helper

  defp update_user_and_delete_all_tokens(changeset) do
    Repo.transact(fn ->
      with {:ok, user} <- Repo.update(changeset) do
        tokens_to_expire = Repo.all_by(UserToken, user_id: user.id)

        Repo.delete_all(from(t in UserToken, where: t.id in ^Enum.map(tokens_to_expire, & &1.id)))

        {:ok, {user, tokens_to_expire}}
      end
    end)
  end

  ## TOTP 2FA

  @doc """
  Generates a new TOTP secret for setup.

  Returns `{secret, otpauth_uri}` where secret is the raw binary
  and otpauth_uri can be encoded as a QR code.
  """
  def generate_totp_secret(user) do
    secret = NimbleTOTP.secret()
    uri = totp_uri(user, secret)
    {secret, uri}
  end

  @doc """
  Generates the otpauth URI for a given user and secret.

  Used to regenerate the URI when restoring TOTP setup state from session.
  """
  def totp_uri(user, secret) do
    NimbleTOTP.otpauth_uri("#{@totp_issuer}:#{user.email}", secret, issuer: @totp_issuer)
  end

  @doc """
  Enables TOTP for a user after verifying the code.

  The secret should be the raw binary from `generate_totp_secret/1`.
  Returns `{:ok, user, backup_codes}` or `{:error, reason}`.
  """
  def enable_totp(user, secret, code) do
    if valid_totp?(secret, code) do
      backup_codes = generate_backup_codes()
      hashed_codes = Enum.map(backup_codes, &Bcrypt.hash_pwd_salt/1)

      {:ok, encrypted_secret} = Vault.encrypt(Base.encode32(secret))
      {:ok, encrypted_codes} = Vault.encrypt(Jason.encode!(hashed_codes))

      changeset =
        user
        |> Ecto.Changeset.change(%{
          totp_secret_encrypted: encrypted_secret,
          totp_backup_codes_encrypted: encrypted_codes,
          totp_enabled_at: DateTime.utc_now(:second)
        })

      case Repo.update(changeset) do
        {:ok, user} -> {:ok, user, backup_codes}
        {:error, changeset} -> {:error, changeset}
      end
    else
      {:error, :invalid_code}
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Disables TOTP for a user.
  """
  def disable_totp(user) do
    changeset =
      user
      |> Ecto.Changeset.change(%{
        totp_secret_encrypted: nil,
        totp_backup_codes_encrypted: nil,
        totp_enabled_at: nil
      })

    Repo.update(changeset)
  end

  @doc """
  Verifies a TOTP code for a user.

  Also accepts backup codes, which are single-use.
  """
  def verify_totp(user, code) do
    cond do
      valid_user_totp?(user, code) ->
        :ok

      valid_backup_code?(user, code) ->
        consume_backup_code(user, code)
        :ok

      true ->
        :error
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Returns true if the user has TOTP enabled.
  """
  def totp_enabled?(user), do: User.totp_enabled?(user)

  defp valid_totp?(secret, code) when is_binary(secret) and is_binary(code) do
    NimbleTOTP.valid?(secret, code)
  end

  defp valid_totp?(_, _), do: false

  defp valid_user_totp?(user, code) do
    with encrypted when not is_nil(encrypted) <- user.totp_secret_encrypted,
         {:ok, encoded} <- Vault.decrypt(encrypted),
         {:ok, secret} <- Base.decode32(encoded) do
      valid_totp?(secret, code)
    else
      _ -> false
    end
  end

  defp valid_backup_code?(user, code) do
    hashed_codes = get_hashed_backup_codes(user)
    Enum.any?(hashed_codes, &Bcrypt.verify_pass(code, &1))
  end

  defp consume_backup_code(user, code) do
    hashed_codes = get_hashed_backup_codes(user)
    remaining = Enum.reject(hashed_codes, &Bcrypt.verify_pass(code, &1))

    {:ok, encrypted} = Vault.encrypt(Jason.encode!(remaining))

    user
    |> Ecto.Changeset.change(%{totp_backup_codes_encrypted: encrypted})
    |> Repo.update()
  end

  defp get_hashed_backup_codes(user) do
    with encrypted when not is_nil(encrypted) <- user.totp_backup_codes_encrypted,
         {:ok, json} <- Vault.decrypt(encrypted),
         {:ok, codes} <- Jason.decode(json) do
      codes
    else
      _ -> []
    end
  end

  defp generate_backup_codes do
    for _ <- 1..@backup_code_count do
      :crypto.strong_rand_bytes(5)
      |> Base.encode32(padding: false)
      |> String.downcase()
    end
  end
end